University of Exeter Press

The Green Children of Woolpit

Chronicles, Fairies and Facts in Medieval England

    • 274 Pages

    Two medieval chroniclers, William of Newburgh and Ralph of Coggeshall, reported the mysterious appearance of a pair of ‘Green Children’—with green skins and speaking an unknown language—in the Suffolk village of Woolpit in the mid-twelfth century. The story is well known today, usually as a Suffolk folktale about fairies and a fairy otherworld. Retold many times, it continues to inspire novels, poetry, songs, plays, and even operas.

    This book analyses the story in its historical and geographical context, and considers the numerous ways in which it has been interpreted, recounted, and reimagined by historians, folklorists, philosophers, and writers. Folklorists have mined it for ‘folktale motifs’ without considering whether it is truly a folktale. Historians have used it as a key to understanding the motives of one or other of the two chroniclers who recorded it. ‘Fortean’ researchers have tried to find a convoluted core of historical fact.

    Returning to the two original Latin accounts, this book translates them afresh and analyses them side by side for the first time, allowing us to conclude that both writers were drawing on the same source. Such an interdisciplinary study is necessary when considering the many modern ‘explanations’ of the events that have been offered, from mundane to extraterrestrial. The volume presents an example of how extraordinary events reported by medieval chroniclers can be studied analytically, and will interest not only medievalists but anyone interested in folklore and fairylore—and perhaps inspire others to fresh reworkings of this perpetually intriguing story.

    A magisterial, authoritative and, above all, sensibly judicious account of the Green Children of Woolpit, this book moves deftly between the medieval and the modern, sources and reception. It unpacks the multiple possibilities for the interpretation of the tale in its contexts and lays a solid foundation for future engagement with this unparalleled and mysterious story.

    Carolyne Larrington, Emerita Professor of medieval European literature, University of Oxford

    What is so outstanding about this enquiry is its demonstration of the power of story. Thorough, fair-minded and genuinely wise, John Clark's detective work shows just how and why the mysterious folk-legend of the green children has attracted and inspired such wide attention, including that from folklorists, rationalisers and artists. I've learned a very great deal from it, and once again fallen under the spell of this story, so strange and yet somehow so familiar, of these 'two little twelfth-century waifs' of Woolpit.

    Kevin Crossley-Holland, author and poet

    An outstandingly detailed, perceptive and wide-ranging study of an endlessly fascinating tale that will become the authoritative study of the subject, and is also compellingly readable.

    Francis Young, Historian, Suffolk folklorist, and author of Twilight of the Godlings

    This is an admirably thoughtful, wide-ranging and persuasive consideration - the best yet - of one of England's most famous medieval legends.

    Ronald Hutton, Professor of History, University of Bristol

    [John Clark] gathers up the dust of centuries, tosses theories on the scales, adds appropriate filters, and, in a worthily nit-picking feat of all-round scholarship, rounds out the context for these mystery children and their subsequent fate in a way that no prior researcher has done. The text is as interesting for its intense questioning of elements as for the fascinating story itself.

    John Billingsley
    Northern Earth

    The Green Children of Woolpit is a comprehensive, meticulously referenced and fascinating delve into this most-beguiling of stories, for which John Clark should be highly commended. Crucially, it's also very readable.

    Edward Parnell
    Fortean Times

    List of illustrations
    Acknowledgements

    1. An Introduction
    2. The Story and its Legacy
    3. Transmission
    4. Interpretations
    5. The Chroniclers and the Texts
    6. The Framing Narrative
    7. The Children’s Story
    8. Excursions
    9. Strangers in a Strange Land

    Appendix: The Sources
    William of Newburgh
    Ralph of Coggeshall

    Notes
    Bibliography
    Retellings, Reworkings and Reimaginings: A Chronological Listing
    Index 

    John Clark was for many years curator of the medieval collections at the Museum of London. Since retiring in 2009, he has continued research, lecturing and writing on topics including the history and archaeology of medieval London, medieval folklore and legends and their relationship to ‘real’ history, and medieval horses and horse equipment.

    ISBN
      DOI https://doi.org/10.47788/UVYO7590
      • 274 Pages