University of Exeter Press
Western Military Expatriates in the Armed Forces of the UAE
History and Impact, 1965–2024
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Today, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Armed Forces is recognised as the most proficient military set-up in the Arab world, recently engaged in operations in Afghanistan, Libya and Yemen, and in the fight against ISIS. This book examines a pivotal component in how the UAE built such effectiveness: Western military professionals embedded in the Emirati forces. Some of these expatriates have commanded major military formations, others served as high-ranking staff, piloted front-line aircraft, developed and delivered training, or advised senior Emirati officers.
The first such individuals arrived in 1965, when they were engaged to establish the state’s initial professional military force. Expatriates have since served continuously to the present day. This volume traces their history through 14 case studies, covering the period between 1965 and 2023. It offers a comprehensive picture of the expatriates’ backgrounds, the rationale behind their recruitment, and how they have been utilized. This information provides the foundation for the book’s key research question: to what degree and how have such individuals helped to generate a sustained military advantage for the Emirati military?
The implications arising from this study are important, particularly for the UAE as it contemplates the potential replacement or phasing out of Western expatriates. They are equally consequential for Western defence policy-makers seeking innovative ways to develop the capabilities of friendly advanced nations, and for the more than a thousand expatriates currently serving in the Gulf who aspire to increase their influence.
Over the course of a remarkable career, Athol Yates has recorded and explained every aspect of the military of the United Arab Emirates. With Western Military Expatriates in the Armed Forces of the UAE, he delivers yet another superb work to help those without his encyclopaedic knowledge understand the critical role that these personnel have played in the development of the Emirati armed forces.
Dr. Kenneth M. Pollack, Vice President for Policy, Middle East Institute and author of Armies of Sand: The Past, Present, and Future of Arab Military Effectiveness
This book provides a masterful account of the roles and impact of Western military expatriates in UAE military formations and how this has evolved over time. Drawing on extensive primary research, Yates combines granular detail with bigger-picture analysis and makes an original and highly compelling addition to the literature which will be of significant value to scholars and practitioners alike.
Dr. Kristian Coates Ulrichsen, Fellow for the Middle East at Rice University’s Baker Institute in Houston
Western Military Expatriates in the Armed Forces of the UAE will be the standard reference on the topic for generations. It will also be the standard by which studies of other nations with large foreign security components will be judged. I know of no other person who has the research skills, the knowledge, and the access to Arab security forces to produce such a magisterial oversight. In the coming decades, any Gulf security analysis which does not reference this work will be sub-par. This is a true masterpiece.
Professor David Des Roches, Thayer Marshall Institute and Senior Non-Resident Fellow, Gulf International Forum
Athol Yates is the world’s leading authority on the military of the UAE. No one outside the Emirates knows a tenth of what he knows. Entirely original and of very considerable significance, Western Military Expatriates in the Armed Forces of the UAE focuses on an under-researched topic and the rigor of Yates’s approach will make the book a huge contribution.
Dr. Stephen Quick, Defence & Security Program, Rabdan Academy, UAE
A compelling and original account of how Western military professionals helped shape the UAE’s armed forces, grounded in rich historical evidence and sharp strategic insight. An important contribution to understanding how this Gulf state has developed probably the region's most capable military.
Professor Dusko Tomic, College of Security and Global Studies, American University in the Emirates, UAE
Yates is the foremost expert on the Emirati armed forces in the English-speaking world. Examining the role of Western military expatriates on the development of the UAE's defence capabilities over the past sixty years, this book provides an important contribution on the scholarship of Arab military studies.
Dr. Geraint Hughes, Reader in Diplomatic and Military History, King's College London
Deeply researched and original, Athol Yates’s book provides a compelling account of the little-known role Western military expatriates have played in shaping the UAE’s armed forces over the past six decades. It will be essential reading for scholars and practitioners interested in military partnerships and the evolution of Gulf security.
Jean-Loup Samaan, Senior Research Fellow, Middle East Institute, National University of Singapore






